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Eco design: new encapsulant for high recyclability end of life (EoL) PV modules

Authors: Izzi, Massimo & Fiandra, Valeria & Tucci, Mario & Sannino, Lucio & Andreozzi, Concetta & Veneri, Paola. (2024).

Abstract of the article:
The shift towards a renewable energy economy necessitates
robust technological support that prioritizes sustainability.
Presently, the photovoltaic (PV) industry is characterized by linear
economy models, energy-intensive production, downcycling, and
limited environmental sustainability. An avenue towards
sustainable technologies is through embracing circular economy
principles, particularly circular design concepts. Within the design
of crystalline PV modules, encapsulation poses a challenge.
Specifically, the encapsulation process currently in use hinders
high-value recycling or module remanufacturing, thus limiting
the potential to extend product lifespans and close material loops.
This study investigates new encapsulant materials suitable for the
eco-design of PV modules, aiming to assess their physical and
optical characteristics. The objective is to support a more effective
future recycling scheme and enhance the circularity of the PV
value chain. The existing encapsulation technique, which relies on
ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), presents performance limitations
and demands an alternative solution. Emerging encapsulation
technologies such as thermoplastics (TPO) and elastomers (POE)
are explored and compared in terms of their performance,
sustainability, and recyclability. The NEST project focuses on
addressing end-of-life (EoL) module issues and advancing eco-
design practices.

Type of document: Conference proceedings to the EEEAM ASIA Meeting on Environment and Electrical Engineering – ACCELERATING THE ENERGY TRANSITION held on 13-15.11.2023